Well, while this seems to be more than trivial it is sometimes very helpful to find such basic stuff. I'm a 55 year old German engineer and what I need for my daily work is of course inside my head, but what if there is anything you do NOT know? I had such a situation some weeks ago: While I learned how to calculate a 2-complement during university (>30 years ago) I never needed this for all my life. Now suddenly I had to create a checksum. Can you imagine how difficult it is to find basic stuff like this? I tried wikipedia but the description was so general that it made real problems to translate it into a software snippet. Finally I digged my university's scripts and after some hours I had the solution. So in these cases a very fundamental description may be very helpful, even if it appears way too trivial for others. Peter -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist