Hi all, Quick question here. http://www.pacificsun.ca/~john/ELS/photos/IO_Circuit.jpg The link to the above circuit shows how I plan on changing the Electronic Lead Screw circuit to protect the processor inputs from transients. I can see someone accidentally putting 12V onto an input pin with switch that should close to ground instead closing to 12V. The circuit using R45 and R43 limit the current through the diode but a spike might still trash the processor. The circuit using R44 and R46 forces the power supply to absorb the input and perhaps can trash the diode with excess current but R46 limits the current into the processor. Suggestions or alternatives? Thanks John Dammeyer -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist