> then into the poor little PIC, where it will switch on the protection > diode, i.e. voltage on the PIC pin will be clamped to Vdd+0.6V > > A small NPN would be suitable to drive the gate, with the collector > connected to the existing resistors, the PIC driving a base (via a > current limiting resistor) and the emitter grounded. Yes, I spotted that myself a short while ago. That's what I'd do, although given that the gate R from B+ is large (in the example link is 5M6 -> a couple of uA) and the PIC pin is an output, the B+ through this may not have enough clout to do any harm. But you're quite right, an external transistor would be prudent. The B+ R might probably be lowered in a revision as there are switch- modes and an RF modem in the unit, so noise could be an issue > The figure you are interested in for the MOSFET is the Vgs > voltage required for the maximum Drain current you expect to see, > with an acceptable Vds (i.e. voltage drop accross Drain-Source Thanks -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist