> So where does the power go, that's not converted to heat in the > processors and other hardware? I will try to explain briefly. Basicly,when electrons (current) pass through a load (let just say processor for this example) they make particules of the load move.This load is also a transfer function H(s).Electroncs pass thorugh H(s) as desired and y(t) is taken as output.Here,due to imperfect engineering or etc,This process repeates itself continuosly but desired output y(t) is not expected to be constant.Between this input - output gap,heat takes place.50 Celcius temperature is because of the imperfect design of P4 processors.A newer processor even with a higher clock speed is now running at 39 Celcuis.We see abs examples of this situation day by day.A new processor takes place on the market with lower power consumption and operating temperature than the previous model.This is probably the -normallest- expectation of the developing technology. Think of the circuitary as a pipe with water (current) flowing in it.You can feel the vibration and the temperature difference on the surface but beneath this,water flowing inside is doing much more work than you can feel outside,as expected. > PS. Yigit, how's your inverter project coming along? I built a 150W inverter but things didn't go as expected.I ordered a 500W pure sine inverter which did a very good job but (as always) I wanted to go deeper and decided on charging the 1200KVA ups directly from the alternator.I did end up with a baggage full of smoke.I was lucky that any equipment of the car was damaged. Later on I decided to implement my 30 in=E7 15000V tesla coil to my EVO which was going to work only if terminals of the alternator reaches 15000V.But my gf ate my brain to stop before I destroy the car.Anyway I promoted to a new car.I can not afford any potential damage revealing on this one.Eventhough I miss my EVO.If I miss so much,I will buy a Lancer to feed my hunger. Yigit -- = http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist