I've been in contact with the transformer manufacturer and so far they sound very helpful. They say I'm using it correctly, ie. it's appropriate to wire the two primaries in parallel. They discussed core losses and copper losses, and did a quick calculation on temperature rise that agrees with the temperatures I am observing. They point out that this temperature is well within the specifications (insulation rating of 155 deg C) BUT they say they would like to see it lower than this (so would I !!!). Further to this they will take a transformer from their warehouse and do some testing at 50Hz to confirm, and look at what changes if any can be made to improve performance under these conditions. Thanks for all the responses, I'll report back when I know some more! -- Brent Brown, Electronic Design Solutions 16 English Street, St Andrews, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand Ph: +64 7 849 0069 Fax: +64 7 849 0071 Cell: 027 433 4069 eMail: brent.brown@clear.net.nz -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist