I need an extra-loud sound from a small piezo disc and thought I'd give the inductor method a go. Usually a 1k resistor across the piezo as a non-capacitive load for the transistor produces a loud enough beep. This mail from a while back says how ====== Wed, 16 Jun 2004 09:12:57, from Matt Pobursky 1. Find the capacitance of the piezo device, almost always listed in the spec sheet. 2. Calculate the device's capacitive reactance at the frequency you will be driving the device. 3. Calculate an inductor value for the equivalent inductive reactance. 4. Place an inductor of said value in parallel with the piezo device. 5. Drive the whole parallel piezo/inductor circuit with a FET/transistor rated ~10x higher voltage than your voltage source. ====== My piezo, 27mm diaphragm, is around 15nF and resonates at 4.6kHz Capacitive reactance Xc = 1/(2*pi f C), f = 4600, C = 15nF Xc = 1/(6.28 * 4600 * 15*10^-9) = 1/0.00043332 = 2308 ohms Inductive reactance XL = 2*pi f L, XL = 2308, f = 4600, 2*pi = 6.28 L = XL/(2*pi f) = 2308/(6.28 * 4600) = 0.080H 80mH seems rather large. I was expecting perhaps a couple of hundred uH (no evidence to presume that, apart from physical size). Are my units and the method correct ? TIA -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist