I have now tested one of these transformers in the alternate configuration of 230V 50Hz (2 x 115V primary windings in series). It seems to be getting just as hot... approx 60 deg C (140 deg F), no load, after a couple of hours or so on the bench. Previous measurement of 80 deg C was with the transformer in a sealed plastic box (finnished product). Tends to discount the theory of miss-matched windings in parallel. Also not a single transformer problem - tried 5 or 6 so far. If the phasing was out (and could only be 180 deg out) then I'd expect near zero output voltage and that's clearly not the case. ASFAICT the windings are intended to be used in parallel... http://www.hammondmfg.com/5CHook.htm Will try a single primary winding on 115V for comparison. -- Brent Brown, Electronic Design Solutions 16 English Street, St Andrews, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand Ph: +64 7 849 0069 Fax: +64 7 849 0071 Cell: 027 433 4069 eMail: brent.brown@clear.net.nz -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist