God's/my "GSR"* simple switching regulator circuit also features here. http://sound.westhost.com//appnotes/an006.htm And in a constant current version here http://sound.westhost.com//appnotes/an003.htm My friend Ken Mardle built a LED driving version of the GSR which was essentially the same as this circuit. I've never before seen this topology described independently so it's interesting to see it here. An obvious enough design in retrospect apart from the interesting means of providing hysteresis for switching (which Olin denied exists when I originally described the circuit, and may perhaps still do so). In trying to design this one might never get past the fact that "it can't work because it has no hysteresis" when, in fact, it does and it has. Over 10,000 of these have been built so far as a 13v to 200V input / 12V output power supply for an exercise machine. Original design was imparted on 24 Feb 2001 at about 10:43am :-) Russell McMahon * GSR = God's Switching Regulator, as it was wholly his idea :-) Not the ultimate SR in many applications but met my written spec to the letter. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist