> I've seen circuits for very simple, efficient, transformerless, > non-isolated power supplies such as > http://www.aaroncake.net/circuits/supply5.htm . Note that the explanation states: "You may want to add a resisor in series with C1 to limit current if the circuit is plugged in and the mains is at its full voltage." I don't see how you could avoid plugging in at the top voltage, so that resistor definitely belongs in the circuit. The other problem with this type of circuit is the voltage on the mains plug after uplugging... Wouter van Ooijen -- ------------------------------------------- Van Ooijen Technische Informatica: www.voti.nl consultancy, development, PICmicro products docent Hogeschool van Utrecht: www.voti.nl/hvu -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist