> What I am saying is that if distance=0 then force could > be infinite, but no work is needed. i.e., given a strong > enough support, you can hold up any amount of mass > without performing any work. And without consuming any energy. Or, to put it another way, when was the last time the batteries ran out on your chair and it collapsed under you? When I was younger, I used to think floating cities (i.e., Cloud City in "The Empire Strikes Back") were an impossibility because of the massive amount of energy needed to hold them up. Then one day I realized that if the losses in the system were small enough (high Q), you could run the thing for decades on a watch battery, as long as you don't plan on raising or lowering it. Because mechanical energy is force integrated over distance, if one or the other of those components is zero, the net energy change is zero, too. Mike H. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist