> 1 second may or may not be a realistic expectation of response time. > The control system will of course affect this as well, what system > are you using? For faster response time you could have a small percentage of the load as a variable resistive heater which you modulate against the TEC cooling. Reduced extra heating increased cooling and vice versa. A resistor heater can be made extremely fast by having minimal mass. Russell -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist