>> Boiling water to sterilise it. > <---- this is a major innovation ? Absolutely! If you didn't have this technology and another group did then your survival rates would vastly exceed theirs under certain quite realistic circumstances. Once upon a not too many centuries ago vast numbers of people in London died in Cholera epidemics because they pumped polluted water from sewage contaminated wells and didn't know about treating it. Boiling would have done the trick. Removing the pump handle was the solution in one case! (Probably a shiny handle I'd say). Russell. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist