>>> id anyone find this interesting? I've always been curious why there aren't offline supplies that use a triac-clipper (ie lamp-dimmer) as an input stage. Wouldn't that provide a very cheap step of voltage reduction that would make the following stages much easier? BillW -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist