> This is getting as tedious as the 'holes bored in metal get smaller > when you > heat it up' thread on another list. I'll bite. Beats working :-) One could do the math (arithmetic) but there seems a far easier way. A heated piece of metal expands (for most metals). EITHER: The metal all expands linearly, in amount proportionally equally to its original size and the object therefore retains its original relative shape and proportions. In which case holes become larger to retain their relationship to the expanded whole. ie the object is simply a scaled up version of the original. OR: The object changes its relative shape and proportions in some way so that eg holes can become smaller relative to the size of the expanded whole. ie heating the object uniformly throughout causes it to assume a new shape which is not a directly scaled version of its original form. AND, AS: The former seems to obey the "laws" of Physics and the latter dinna then we conclude that holes in a heated piece of metal will expand as the metal expands to maintain the scale of the heated object. QED RM -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist