> What about mass / specific gravity / density? Sure, breath is a > messy soup with various gasses and moisture and such, but most of > those things seem considerably easier to measure. Gotta admit I thought of that and then left it out of the post to think about as it seemed too good ;-). Mass is low but doable. Water vapour needs removing. Air mass is 1.3 grams per litre and this increases by about 0.5% per 1% of CO2 or about 50 micrograms per litre per percent of CO2. A balance system would be easy enough to trial.Direct strain gauge weighing or (name escapes me) electronic balancing against a voice coil or ... Also moment of inertia type approach or ... RM -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist