Effects of spaceflight on most aspects of musculoskeletal degradation are now believed to be even worse than was previously thought. Note the comment that "Each of these predictions takes into the account the fact that astronauts would be using the best countermeasures available currently ..." Russell McMahon _______________________ The following quote is from the last of the references below: "Musculoskeletal deconditioning remains a paramount concern. In the past two years our ability to differentiate the trabecular bone network in the hip has helped us to appreciate that the risk to bone during spaceflight may be even greater than we previously anticipated. The rate of osteoporosis in astronauts equal patients with spinal cord injury, and exceeds that seen in post- menopausal women by a factor of 10 or more. Extrapolating from published studies of astronauts and cosmonauts spending up to six months in low-earth orbit, we can offer preliminary estimates of the changes that would occur if humans made a 30-month trip to Mars today: 100% of crew members would lose more than 15% of their bone mineral in the femur and hip; Approximately 80% would lose more than 25% of their bone mineral; More than 40% would lose greater than 50% of their bone mineral; Approximately 20% would lose more than 25% of their exercise capacity; Approximately 40% would lose experience a decline in leg muscle strength of 30% or more. Each of these predictions takes into the account the fact that astronauts would be using the best countermeasures available currently! To my knowledge, no engineer would accept a spaceflight system where such degradation is expected. Nor should it be so for astronauts." James A. Pawelczyk, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Physiology, Kinesiology and Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University -- Sen. Hutchison Chairs Science and Space Subcommittee Hearing on NASA Science Programs http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20036 -- Statement by Charles Bolden http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20861 -- Statement by Peter Voorhees http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20860 -- Statement by Roy Torbert http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20859 -- Statement by James Pawelczyk http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20858 Source SpaceRef I'll leave the following in for those who are not aware of this resource. _______________________________ > - Space Wire > http://www.spacewire.net/rss/spacewire.xml > > - Commercial Space Watch > http://www.comspacewatch.com/rss/csw.xml > > - SpaceRef Top Stories > http://www.spaceref.com/rss/topstories.xml > > - NASA Watch > http://www.nasawatch.com/index.xml > > - International Space Station News > http://www.spaceref.com/rss/iss.xml > > - SpaceRef Europe > http://eu.spaceref.com/rss/europe.xml > > - Moon Today > http://www.moontoday.net/rss/moontoday.xml > > - Mercury Today > http://www.mercurytoday.com/rss/mercury.xml > > - Venus Today > http://www.venustoday.com/rss/venustoday.xml > > - Mars Today > http://www.marstoday.com/rss/mars.xml > > - Saturn Today > http://www.saturntoday.com/rss/saturn.xml > > - Jupiter Today > http://www.jupitertoday.com/rss/jupitertoday.xml > > - Pluto Today > http://www.plutotoday.com/rss/plutotoday.xml > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > STATUS REPORTS > ________________ > > For more status reports click here: > http://www.spaceref.com/news/statusreports.html > > NASA Mars Picture of the Day: Travelling Companions > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20871 > > NASA Societal Impact of Spaceflight Conference > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20870 > > NASA Hubble Space Telescope Daily Report #4130 > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20869 > > NASA Hubble Space Telescope Daily Report #4129 > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20868 > > NASA OIG Audit Report: Security of a NASA Center's Computer Network > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20867 > > NASA Mars Picture of the Day: Layer-Upon-Layer > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20864 > > NASA GSFC Solicitation: Near Earth Object (NEO) Survey > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20862 > > STS-121 Preflight Briefings / ESA-TV News / 8 June 2006 > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20857 > > NOAA SATOPS Morning Report: Wednesday, June 07, 2006 > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.nl.html?pid=20856 > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > Did you know ... using the new SpaceRef Search, updated daily, you > can > access over 50,000 news stories since our launch in 1999. As well > we've > included news from our affiliate site NASA Watch. > > http://search.spaceref.com > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > PRESS RELEASES > ________________ > > For more press releases click here: > http://www.spaceref.com/news/press.html > > NASA Gives Visitors a Look at Future Exploration in Baltimore > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20043 > > Flood forecasting for Newfoundland and Labrador available online > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20042 > > Canadian Coast Guard selects digital satellite communications system > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20041 > > GPSFlight Selected to Provide GPS Telemetry for Inaugural Space > Flight From the New Mexico > Spaceport This Summer > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20040 > > Saft to Supply Li-ion Batteries for GALILEO Satellites > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20039 > > ITT's Weather Satellite Technology Prepares for U.S. Hurricane > Season > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20038 > > NASA Scientists Find Infant Solar System Awash in Carbon > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20034 > > Space Adventures' Orbital Spaceflight Candidate, Daisuke 'Dice-K' > Enomoto, Confirmed to the > Soyuz TMA-9 Crew > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20033 > > Exhibition on Mars Exploration Opens at the Vienna International > Centre > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20032 > > Lockheed Martin's Atlas V Selected to Launch Mars Science Laboratory > in 2009 > http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.nl.html?pid=20031 > > L-3 Communications Mourns Death of Frank C. 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SpaceRef has over 503,000 unique monthly visitors. > And > for as little $200 a month you can promote your product or > conference. > > For more information visit our advertising section or call us at > 1+ (703) 652-0973 US, or 1+ (604) 628-2121 Canada. > > http://www.spaceref.com/company/advertising.html > ______________________________________________________________ > > To remove yourself from this mailing list click the link below; > http://www.spaceref.com/goremove.html > > SpaceRef is a privately held company > based out of Reston, Virginia, U.S.A. > Copyright SpaceRef Interactive Inc., 2006 > > From: To: Sent: Friday, June 09, 2006 6:10 AM Subject: [Spaceref-daily] SpaceRef Newsletter - 8 June 2006 -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist