If the material/object can carry transverse loading and bending, such as a beam or plate, the equation approximates a forth order polynomial. However, if the material is relatively thin, then the transverse loading begins to couple to axial loading and the equation will no longer be closed form. For a cable/rope at the limit, the equation is a catenary. Hope this helps. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist