Excellent overview on cooling electronics with water or air cooled cold plates. Also applicable to other areas (eg Stirling engines, rocketry, heat exchangers in general). http://www.electronics-cooling.com/html/2005_may_article1.html Worth a look for anyone having trouble with more conventional cooling solutions. Touches on microchannels and sintered-bead heat transfer methods. 15+ Watt/K with 5 mW pumping power sounds good to me. Author with Sun Microsystems. Russell McMahon -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist