> From: piclist-bounces@mit.edu > [mailto:piclist-bounces@mit.edu] On Behalf Of Bob Axtell > > In most commercial designs of almost any speed, a ground plane is a > necessity. > I am not so sure if this is true also for AC/DC and DC-DC converters especailly when line voltage are involved. Most likely it is not possible to have a "good ground plane" within the high voltage side. But I will agree that ground plane is important for even not very high speed analog circuits if I can afford to have a good ground plane. 4-layer boards in general have much better performance for our optic proximity sensors but 4-layer boards are much more expensive than normal 2-layer boards. Regards, Xiaofan -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist