Mike, On Mon, 30 Jan 2006 11:55:27 -0000, Michael Rigby-Jones wrote: >... > Note that in most assemblies, the plates will be clamped together and (at least some) shear stress will be taken by the friction between the plates. Indeed, up to and including all of it! Steel-framed buildings are generally designed such that the bolts hold the plates together, creating friction which takes the shearing loads. Otherwise the bolts at the bottom of (say) the Empire State Building would be taking the weight of the whole building, which is quite a tough job for a bolt! :-) Cheers, Howard Winter St.Albans, England -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist