Though I have numerous engineering books in the office here I couldn't find the answer. The only answer on the web I could come up with is 30% of the ultimate tensile stress. http://www.bigcee.com/reference.html He/she claims to have data from the AIAA Design Handbook for Aerospace Engineers of which I don't have a copy YMMV Peter van Hoof ----- Original Message ---- From: "Buehler, Martin" Martin.Buehler@keymile.com thanx for the answer. 0.6 seems to be good for practical use. unfortunately, i need to get the exact value for an M20 shaft screw, with a shaft diameter of 21mm. googling around, i wasn't able to get any info on something like that! tino -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist