However, this: > > (10:1 = 3.32 BITS FWIW). > > is one of the daftest things I've seen you write! :-) How is using bits any more daft than using decibels when you wish to express a log ratio? It's just a constant multiplier different, and arguably more intuitive to those intimately familiar with bits and bytes. dB = 20 log (Va/Vb), bits = log(Va/Vb)/log(2) so bits = k* dB where k = (1/20)/log(2) ~= 0.166 ~= 1/6 Hmm.. that's pretty easy to remember. ;-) ;-) Best regards, Spehro Pefhany --"it's the network..." "The Journey is the reward" speff@interlog.com Info for manufacturers: http://www.trexon.com Embedded software/hardware/analog Info for designers: http://www.speff.com -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist