I think the time constants associated with the heat-the-water, transfer-to-the-milk scenario will get you. I think they use "flash plates" in this kind of process wher the milk runs over the heated (cooled) plate at a rate to change it to the desired temperature. The plate is a constant temperature and the rate of flow is contolled to get the desired output temperature. Are you pasteurizing the milk? That is what it sounds like to me! John Ferrell http://DixieNC.US -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist