When I was much younger and much, much more foolish I liked to build multi-neon-bulb relaxation oscillator sequencers using free space wiring (parts just solder-tacked to each other without any board or chassis. I would power these creations with a direct (unisolated) half wave supply from the 120V line. Knowing that the sequencing rate was related to the supply voltage I decided to set up an "up-and-down" full wave supply to get twice the voltage. Not knowing/thinking about the fact that the output capacitor in the supply would see peak (rather than RMS) voltage left that poor device rather overstressed. When it gave out, it did so in rather spectacular manner, blowing out the end cap and then doing a reasonable impersonation of a rocket engine as it dragged the whole circuit across the bench at a pretty good pace. The excitement continued when the input AC line terminals then shorted out, resulting a very impressive spark, followed by darkness. I stood there in the dark, inhaling the stench of the exploded capacitor and the result of the monster mains spark, for at least a minute, wondering if my heart would ever slow down to normal again. Bob Ammerman RAm Systems -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist