--- Olin Lathrop wrote: > Which don't contain any description or comments so > are pointless to try and > follow. > > What part of your calculations must be done at run > time versus computed up > front at assembly time? Do you really need 64 bits > of precision (hard to > imagine why) or just the dynamic range? If so, > floating point may be easier > than very wide integer or fixed point arithmetic. > Step back and explain > what you are trying to accomplish at a higher level. The calculations must all be done at run time, as the input variable "Fout" will always change. Fout can be 24e9, more than 32 bits, and requires precision in the tenths place. Both dynamic range and precision are required, that is why I am looking for 64 bit math routines. I cannot simply scale an imprecise result. I understand the impulse to ask "Do you really need what you're asking for?". Or, "Is there another way that doesn't require the precision?" The answer is: I need the precision. The application is a microwave synthesizer operating at frequencies up to 24 X 10^9 Hz, with sub-Herz resolution, a 40-bit number. To perform the math without rounding errors requires more than 40 bits. Variable "DDS_bits" requires a 48-bit precision result. All the inputs to that last equation must be exact. I hope that is enough explanation, it probably does not make sense for me to try and describe the entire block diagram of the synthesizer in this post. You may be sure if there were a mathematically more simple approach I would have used it. It may be true that 48 bits are sufficient. Now that I have taken the time to explain that I need precision math, will you, if you can, answer my question? Regards, Clay Fout = 1.212456391800000e+010 a = 118355 seed = 118272 Fref_act = 6.837827795551758e+008 dr = 8.86580086580087 Fdds = 7.026223644140625e+007 DDS_bits = 6.592353788661100e+013 __________________________________ Yahoo! FareChase: Search multiple travel sites in one click. http://farechase.yahoo.com -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist