A similar discussion in Microchip Forum. http://forum.microchip.com/tm.asp?m=119828 The following is the answer is from J_doin, a very experienced electronics engineer and a PIC expert. Regards, Xiaofan http://forum.microchip.com/tm.asp?m=119828&mpage=3&key= RE: J_doin and company, What's the ... (in reply to xiaofan) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You are completely right, of course. This thread started with many very clear statements against AN521. In another thread, discussion of the infamous AN954 - resistive transformerless supply triggered a host of warnings by forum members, pointing out the various safety hazards and reliability issues that both ApNotes failed to mention. I agree that both ApNotes are incredibly misleading. A complete reliability discussion should be included in the ApNotes, and resistor failure modes should be analysed more carefully. Actually, in the AN521 the author seems to have no knowledge of the concept of reliability and failure analysis. I completely agree that it should be removed from MCP site, along with AN954. Unexperienced developers might risk their lives, and even design hazardous equipment that can risk the end users' lives. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist