OK... Here's another question... I've got an application where we need to update a VU audio level indication maybe 10 times a second. One way to do this is in hardware do rectification (ideal diode) and filtering to give the appropriate ballistics (attack and release time). This'd then go into an analog input on the PIC. However, since the ideal design has zero parts, I'm wondering about another approach. How about if the incoming audio goes through a current limit resistor to the PIC analog input. Add a clamp diode so the PIC input is not driven negative much. This would result in half wave rectification of the audio, since the PIC A/D would read zero for negative inputs and read a positive number for positive inputs. The next trick is, since we're only updating the display 10 times a second or so, how about sampling the audio with the PIC A/D 100 times a second or so, then averaging those samples. I'd probably average a number of samples that is a power of two so the division by the number of samples is just throwing away a few least significant bits. The question is... would the result of this average be similar to the hardware approach? Sometimes the instantaneous voltage sample would land on zero, other times it would land on the peak of the incoming audio. Most of the time it would land somewhere in between. Since the sampling is not synchronized with the audio in any way, would we get an average similar to the hardware approach described earlier? Harold (The ideal design has zero parts) -- FCC Rules Updated Daily at http://www.hallikainen.com -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist