This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. ------_=_NextPart_000_01C5BCB0.05AAE900 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Just for the discussion, I will post one amplifier that we are using. It is dirty cheap (not including the receiver chip) and uses common Europe transistor (BC847B). Please take note the values are only typical values and may need to adapt to different design (different optics). The gain of the pre-amplifier (P5A and P5B) is about 1M Ohm and the second stage (P2) will have a gain of about 27 when they both are not saturated. The last stage (P3) is a voltage follower to feed the signal into a PIC (ADC or comparator). It works but not very good in terms of the component count and the settling time. It is also optimized only for pulse width of 3us to 4us (period is about 100us). The dynamic range is also not so good. How to improve this amplifier design without adding too much cost to it? Imporving the 2nd stage and third stage seems not really helpful. In certain application, only the pre-amp will work already if less trans-impedance is required. A even cheaper alternative is three stage of the cascaded (lousy) 2nd stage amplifier. The gain should be from high to low. Of course, a specialized ASIC or fast OpAmp is much better. Even better for the application is logarithmic amplifier but they tend to be quite expensive. However cost/space/performance constraint for the application. Regards, Xiaofan -----Original Message----- From: Vasile Surducan Sent: Sunday, September 18, 2005 10:23 PM Yes, then if we are poor and don't want to waste our money on expensive OA we split the necessary gain on the amplifier chain. Keep the current to voltage conversion in a convenient low gain (this will keep the fast transient response) and use two supplementary OA for increasing the overall gain. I'm affraid this is the way for a 60dB gain, right ? Fortunately low input current OA accept feedback values of up to 100M or more if are used corectly. :) cheers, vasile ------_=_NextPart_000_01C5BCB0.05AAE900 Content-Type: image/gif; name="transImp.gif" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="transImp.gif" R0lGODlhSwPeAfcAAAAAAIAAAACAAICAAAAAgIAAgACAgICAgMDAwP8AAAD/AP//AAAA//8A/wD/ /////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMwAAZgAAmQAAzAAA/wAzAAAzMwAzZgAzmQAzzAAz/wBm AABmMwBmZgBmmQBmzABm/wCZAACZMwCZZgCZmQCZzACZ/wDMAADMMwDMZgDMmQDMzADM/wD/AAD/ MwD/ZgD/mQD/zAD//zMAADMAMzMAZjMAmTMAzDMA/zMzADMzMzMzZjMzmTMzzDMz/zNmADNmMzNm ZjNmmTNmzDNm/zOZADOZMzOZZjOZmTOZzDOZ/zPMADPMMzPMZjPMmTPMzDPM/zP/ADP/MzP/ZjP/ mTP/zDP//2YAAGYAM2YAZmYAmWYAzGYA/2YzAGYzM2YzZmYzmWYzzGYz/2ZmAGZmM2ZmZmZmmWZm zGZm/2aZAGaZM2aZZmaZmWaZzGaZ/2bMAGbMM2bMZmbMmWbMzGbM/2b/AGb/M2b/Zmb/mWb/zGb/ /5kAAJkAM5kAZpkAmZkAzJkA/5kzAJkzM5kzZpkzmZkzzJkz/5lmAJlmM5lmZplmmZlmzJlm/5mZ 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