Spehro Pefhany wrote: > The output acts like a *current* source. That's the same as saying it has inifinite impedence. As I said, I agree that the capacitors are in series for calculating the load capacitance in this case. However I don't agree that the driver has infinite impedence. It has CMOS high/low output drive transistors, and will look roughly resistive. And, I think there is a good chance that this resistance is about the same or lower than the impedence of the capacitor on the pin at that frequency. Do you at least agree that if the driver has finite impedence, then just adding the two capacitors is not valid? ***************************************************************** Embed Inc, embedded system specialists in Littleton Massachusetts (978) 742-9014, http://www.embedinc.com -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist