This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_002A_01C57E3B.A45CE9D0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Bob Blick wrote: > Let me explain a better way, please bear with me. The circuit I > posted had a resistor in the emitter of the input transistor. This > gives you a fairly constant current drive to the output transistors, > and that's pretty good. The drawback is that if the logic input is > as high as the motor supply, > the input transistor loses the use of it's collector. This isn't a > problem when the logic supply is the same as motor supply, because > if you're driving it with a PIC, the logic voltage only takes a very > small amount of loading to drop a quarter of a volt or more. But > when the motor supply can get lower, the solution is to add a > resistor in series with the base of > the input transistor. That way if the motor power supply goes lower > than logic voltage, as input current increases, the input resistor > drops more voltage, keeping the input transistor's base voltage > below the motor > supply voltage. Just make sure the input resistor value is greater > than > the emitter resistor value. I would suggest 100 ohms for the emitter > and 2200 for the input. > > This makes the circuit almost perfect(you still get the nice constant > current drive) and you've only added one(well, two) resistor. Yes, but. The drive current is limited, but that limit is heavily dependent on the transistors' gain. These are not parameters you can rely on in production, especially since you are relying on a maximum gain. It's usually a very good idea to design bipolar transistor circuits so that they work with some minimum gain up to inifinite gain. Minimum gain is characterised from most transistors, but maximum gain usually not. Or if a maximum gain is specified, then it's 5-10 times the minimum gain. The same gain problem applies to adding a base resistor to your existing configuration to guarantee the top transistor gets turned on. You are counting on a minimum base current of the input transistor to cause a drop in the base resistor. I like to go thru all bipolar designs and imagine what would happen if each transistor had an infinite gain, a B-E drop of 500-700mV, and a saturated C-E drop of around 200mV. A one off can be tweaked with the specific transistors in hand, but I'd be very uncomfortable putting a circuit into volume production that didn't pass the infinite gain test. I didn't respond to Russell's challenge because I thought he was limiting the spec so much as to make thinking outside the box impossible. To get the right design, you have to ask questions about what the ultimate purpose is, what the motor has to do, etc. For example, is there maybe some other higher level way to sense what the motor is doing? Also, how often is the motor direction reversed? Where is the PWM coming from? It sounds like the motor is always full on or off each direction, but I thought there was mention of PWM. Anyway, I've drawn up a quick sketch of an idea mostly in response to Bob's design. It may or may not be within Russell's specs, I don't really care. I'm just trying to throw out a topology that might be interesting to think about. I also haven't analized this for boundary cases. If I was doing this for real, I'd think long and hard about making sure there is no latchup or shoot thru in boundary cases as the motor got switched. Again, this is not a thought-thru design, just an idea of a basic topology. ------=_NextPart_000_002A_01C57E3B.A45CE9D0 Content-Type: image/gif; name="a.gif" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="a.gif" R0lGODlhSwJGAvcAMQAAAAEBAQICAgMDAwQEBAUFBQYGBgcHBwgICAkJCQoKCgsLCwwMDA0NDQ4O Dg8PDxAQEBERERISEhMTExQUFBUVFRYWFhcXFxgYGBkZGRoaGhsbGxwcHB0dHR4eHh8fHyAgICEh ISIiIiMjIyQkJCUlJSYmJicnJygoKCkpKSoqKisrKywsLC0tLS4uLi8vLzAwMDExMTIyMjMzMzQ0 NDU1NTY2Njc3Nzg4ODk5OTo6Ojs7Ozw8PD09PT4+Pj8/P0BAQEFBQUJCQkNDQ0REREVFRUZGRkdH R0hISElJSUpKSktLS0xMTE1NTU5OTk9PT1BQUFFRUVJSUlNTU1RUVFVVVVZWVldXV1hYWFlZWVpa WltbW1xcXF1dXV5eXl9fX2BgYGFhYWJiYmNjY2RkZGVlZWZmZmdnZ2hoaGlpaWpqamtra2xsbG1t bW5ubm9vb3BwcHFxcXJycnNzc3R0dHV1dXZ2dnd3d3h4eHl5eXp6ent7e3x8fH19fX5+fn9/f4CA gIGBgYKCgoODg4SEhIWFhYaGhoeHh4iIiImJiYqKiouLi4yMjI2NjY6Ojo+Pj5CQkJGRkZKSkpOT k5SUlJWVlZaWlpeXl5iYmJmZmZqampubm5ycnJ2dnZ6enp+fn6CgoKGhoaKioqOjo6SkpKWlpaam 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