Tape playback preamp is in f.ex. LM387 datasheet. Recording is done without ac bias in those things. Sometimes dc bias is used (resistor from +Vcc feeds through head). The opto is nearly certainly open collector and needs a pullup (or pulldown!) between 10 and 100k. It is used to sense tpe end. good luck, Peter -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist