Ok how about using an X rated capacitor to limit primary 230v current. This will limit current with out the heat loses. Capacitive Reactance Xc = 1/2.TT.f.c f in hz c in farads 2.TT = 6.283185307 Freq = 50 C uf = 0.01 Xc Ohms= 318,309.89 Mains Voltage 230.00 Current = 0.00072 _______________________________________ Roy Tauranga New Zealand _______________________________________ -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.11.10 - Release Date: 13/05/2005 -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist