This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0174_01C554D6.34E0CF10 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1"; reply-type=original Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit On reflection, you may not need an amplifer per se. If the speaker signal swing is 5 volts (it may not be) then that is about 2v RMS and power into a 8 ohm speaker would be about 0.5 watts IF the source impedance was low. Half a watt is ample for most such applications. Quite possibly either the source impedance is higher or there is less than 5v swing. Either way, try something like the attached. R!/C1 convert PWM to DC - as before Q1 is an emitter follower which buffers DC level - effectively a power amplifier (not voltage). R2 and Q2 as before. Input to Q2 must gard switch it as shown here. For extra simplicity remove R2/C2 and put speaker where R2 was. BUT this places DC in speaker and gets bad as voltage rises. The emitter follower is the magic bullet here (which may even work :-) ) as it turns the smoothed PWM voltage into a stiff source which improves max available power. A square wave is notionally Vpk/2 RMS equivalent. Regardless of V+ max PWM-DC is Vin - 0.6 or about 4.4v or 2.2v RMS. Still V^2/R = 0.6 watt in 8 ohms. R2 needs adjusting to suit notional peak power (play). Another variant has no C2 and speaker in series with R2. Reduced power - limits max volume and PWM take over from there. Let me know if/how it works. RM ------=_NextPart_000_0174_01C554D6.34E0CF10 Content-Type: image/gif; name="pwmamp.gif" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="pwmamp.gif" R0lGODlh3ADeAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAAAAAAALAAAAADcAN4AAAL/jI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4bi SJbmiabqyrbuC8fyTNf2jef6zvf+DwwKh8Si8YhMKpfMphMCOESf1OE0cDVkq1zbdbvtimNfKeAc HqtX0XB6DUe1Fe+4nVS/6/f8vv8PGCg4SFhoeIiYqLjI2OjodfbYiBYpqUiZZwmIqflBSWeE1ukp hVBZlDlKUWZ6lKoq8ZnwqkML+zAHGnrLMeXmyrvBqnVqFWxoe6yEKVuqLCbKEJ38LFSMew2VTV09 kq1tO4zF3Q1CjqUV67xe3nKe9SqO3u6O8YuLDkbPkhYt/e/Al659cqR9S9cgUyR4BwmSMvgm1TmH J+r4awWFYo48/xcRRpioUQTHa8lAhnyYsBg3kyd7YZOnriWZlx4rsJRpD9y8nHGa7Rx2UyG+DBI7 WrgZBOi6hQob5ku4E9TEoiyRAlHqcc5Io1kXwPzJM6DTmHB8Ks0FkZnPqGz1mVILN67cqnb6Pe2a kqtXdktXQaUprO5etF/flmTbippFnYF7/oPH14NQm3/F0sXprXJel5hFBnwJ0mpnjAA3Tx3tWbPX Su9Qh5gMMXJG1+aGxpb9mTZK1YZnTRCtW+Jm3zUH6u4Qz4yvhb4bAm85F27zUpxmcX1+/Pdiw9uy y9hOrHpx7+4i0mmGHWd0tYNJpkVMnrN2f3rHpfce2jnr+KmFSf8nzZ9kbARYmwr3ZXcgcQQiN+CC DBro4IMpJBhcgxFqQCFuF/5m4YYXZDiehxxCKOKHHZY44oQoHnXiirOp6GKKBcVI1ow0vmjjjbnB qON6/+2m4wwgBoljLB3VB52Pr5mIF3xEFvmRbEPyp9h1+P2Ih192PYnhiG5x2WWUWa0V3Fj9gfnC lGgquGY9gCnXZliVYRWnjLyxWadtehqXJ5R7ldZnjaVBFihlb9pnZqEaKrokozk6eiakjUoaKaUC WjopppdqWiCnQHraGKjyzSkqoIOW+ueOaqIoXIiltuqkqLCuWuKsqPKZKq0i2nord3Ip5yN7LHrI q5xGjmEWkjz/FMskh7ryuKUxtoXmV6xMfPWssbmGKaa1S5CZ6EYvUtutt8vEmm2zpBJVrrlJCJSq NeNyy1u6JgCl7A7MDnunvZbsa6ipiyYp7MBHBSserjLVN02mdgK4cDjhwtkbOeAleXA4fRGjLp4a teYuWOd1DDFFILuq4C8W37nPyQZrRdzKAre8GkczY/SlzPESFJFzOxr0U8IPG3yMRQfBSnK7Jbdj dLQ/81vtzkxbpvDNSl+N8jNbefx01F5zXU1ThH49tJ9ZF/2mzgGTTfQtYp/Nstl7Lq21TuSuXba3 aNGtWnIuSw22oDWbpHbeQqnMdkZuOLX3dI+xe6i2WM/ddsob/7O5jZlCX05atH/XPGreXVfeOedr 5QxaXHh+WRzCrucrt2Wvxy07nfKgXjtZnm86HL0SAh6y5U3eLjzVzkJlFVWhL8+1zgyBcdGRE0MN vOTWXfYprv5Cw5jvzPO5Pfeye/+9ceF38fZpDqvq0NvBBw55TOejb/z7cCf92fxcbE26/YJr87He 3W+A1MOPAJtUvVBR6TbNudj6yNOPo1mpBPo7REnAVZEL0aJg/itggCRGHx5FaGKfAFEFF0HC6SmQ WPqBlwhZhaUOWo9LQzph2FqEphr2SYd54mGdfBgnIJZFhd/CITTIhCwjou91TGyiE58IRdXVBYlX gSARvdCr+C5lEW9b/F8XKffF0YWRdmOEXxadWMY0qrEXSlqjG99ojxjCcY50/MgV64jHJxQAADs= ------=_NextPart_000_0174_01C554D6.34E0CF10 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist ------=_NextPart_000_0174_01C554D6.34E0CF10--