>> I'm trying to control the PC speaker (motherboard beeps etc) volume >> using >> PWM (software-driven PWM from a PIC) but I'm not really sure now to >> design the circuit. Given PWM of a high enough frequency (20 kHz plus frame rate) you should be able to simply gate the audio signal with the PWM OR ground it if the supplying impedance is high enough. You will need some sot of electronic switching - quite possibly a single FET would do. If speaker is AC coupled it will be slightly more complex. Assume for simplicity that speaker is DC coupled and driven by a signal never below ground. A FET in the speaker ground lead could be gated by the PWM signal. A flyback diode would probably be needed across the speaker in series with a diode to *attempt* not to modify audio response too much. It would be easier if you could control the signal level at lower level and then amplify it for the speaker but that wrecks the simplicity. See what sense you can make of that and ask more questions. RM -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist