Thanks for various people's useful comments on Luxeon design. Here is a summary of key Luxeon literature. All this is on their site but this ties it together in one place. This should help make other people's wanderings a little shorter. One could summarise basic Luxeon design by as simple a statement as "Operate at never ever more than rated current, heatsink adequately to always maintain *junction* below 90 C, read data sheets for colour matching and radiation patterns". There's more to it than that, but that's a good start. FWIW Lumileds is owned by my two favourite electronics giants. (Fortunately the opto group ended up (as one would expect :-) ) aligned with the light side of the force when the ancestor of one of the two giants split). RM _____________________________ The following design guides and related notes from Lumiled are (to a variable extent) required reading for would be Luxeon designers. If you could have only 1 Luxeon document, this would be it. Datasheet for a wide range of 1 watt modules with info on mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical characteristics. http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/DS23.pdf Thermal design. Vital http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/AB05.PDF Let your light so shine ... Lumen maintenance for white Luxeon LEDS. Light weight but useful - basically, keep it cool http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/AB07.PDF Thermal considerations for 5 watt modules. Nasty stuff. Heat sinks many times larger than the LEDs. For compact hand held designs forced air cooling looks desirable. A torch with a fan! :-( http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/protected/AB23.PDF Luxeon flashlight design guide Lighter weight than could be but useful http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/DR02.PDF Custom design guide While this is notionally written for those who want to design their own emitter for Lumileds to make, it gives substantial insight into all relevant aspects of existing standard products. Extremely worthwhile reading for the serious designer. http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/AB12.PDF 36 page Future Active / Lumileds combined "all in one design guide" Lots of marketing and waffle but also much extremely valuable data in one place. On page 6 there is a "Spectral energy locus" colour chart that allows you to tell what colour you can expect from various combinations of emitters of given wavelengths. This is immensely valuable for people wanting to produce ranges of colours from multiple emitters. As I do :-) The chart was derived empirically in 1931. eg a 460 nanometre (blue) emitter and 620 nanometre (red) emitter will by themselves NEVER combine to make white but a 460 and a 580 (orange) will. http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/PG01_America.PDF Luxeon collimator. Worth knowing about. http://www.lumileds.com/pdfs/protected/DS26.PDF Buy your (perhaps literally) red hot Luxeon products here Online buying and, perhaps more usefully, part number and characteristics cross reference table. Shopping cart takes you to Future Active for tube quantity purchases. http://www.lumileds.com/products/rd_order.cfm -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist