>> But sometimes, a resistor is just a resistor. :) > The keyword here is "sometimes" :) As long as it's branded "Philips" it's just a resistor. It doesn't matter where they make them or even who they have make them for them, as long as they maintain their quality control. BUT if it's double flying horse brand then a resistor can be an open circuit, a drifting value, an unexpected breakdown at below expected spec voltage (if it has a specd voltage), a service call to Outer Mongolia / Uzbekistan / Pago Pago / Timbuktoo / Kalamazoo / Mandalay / Gundagai / Jindalong / Merv / Manapouri * ... (I should be so lucky in all cases) or a lost customer / dead car / failed deadline / ... Poor resistors tend to "just fail" more often than good ones without having been taken out of power / voltage / ... spec. One way to spot a good resistor is to see if it was made by Philips. There are, of course, many other ways, but each has to know them for themselves. I have no affiliation/association/financial arrangement etc etc with Philips apart from the bond of being a happy customer. RM * Can you identify where all these places are :-) ? The river running out of Merv (aka Mary) is one of the most stunning sights I have ever seen. -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist