> >Proportional control was achieved by using variable >>mark-space ratio fixed frequency tone bursts >>(or transmitter on bursts). > The Galloping Ghost control was sent by a continuous mark space > signal, not > a burst signal. We are probably both describing the same thing. To have a mark space you need 2 different states. This could be eg a tone modulated on a carrier or a carrier being switched on and off, which is what I was referring to. In such a situation the actual mark space modulation and "frequency" of reoccurrence of mark-space frames would be at a far lower rate than the tone frequency and a far far far ... lower frequency than the carrier frequency. RM -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist