David P Harris wrote: > Well, if we can do this then can we also discard the transformer, pass > the reduced voltage AC through a full-wave rectifier and get controlled > DC? No. The "reduced voltage AC" is only reduced in its average, not its peak. A rectifier will ride the peaks. The chopping method was partly relying on time constants in the transformer to average out the input, and partly on the final load reacting slowly to RMS voltage anyway (it's a heating element). ***************************************************************** Embed Inc, embedded system specialists in Littleton Massachusetts (978) 742-9014, http://www.embedinc.com -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist