I have a vague understanding of what it is but why is it called a "Galvanic" isolator? What I am looking at is a bunch of DC/DC converters for an industrial control system and they have them labeled as "Galvanic Isolators". Why not just call them DC/DC power supplies? Are they more than just a DC/DC converter? The circuit is a simple oscillator made from discrete components that fires a 1:1 pulse transformer and the output is just rectified and unregulated. Nothing fancy about it. Merry Christmas to all. Shahid -- http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist