And then there's parts that are incorrectly marked. I've seen this with both electrolytics and diodes. Not counting counterfeit parts that are overstressed or just incorrect. RP this is true of most parts, particularly about not necessarily blowing immediately when "abused". components often fail some time after some initial abuse or repeated abuse. this is very common in the case of voltage surges and lightning etc. i've repaired a lightning damaged answering machine, had more parts fail within hours, replaced those and had others fail the next day before i gave up and realized it had taken a big enough hit to marginalize most or all of the parts. i've seen this with computers as well when only part of it (say a modem port) seems to have failed at first and then more problems crop up weeks or months later. >snip ...... _______________________________________________ http://www.piclist.com PIC/SX FAQ & list archive View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist