--=-f9xiN+PrMn4kxLutnbLV Content-Type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit On Sat, 2004-10-30 at 09:12, Pang wrote: > Hi all, > > i am getting some headache over this. Please advise. > > i am trying to digitise audio signal using an > microcontroller ADC. Setting the audio signal level is > quite basic, but the issue here is conditioning the ac > signal so that ideally it float at 2.5V and that it > has the maximum swing. (0V to 5V) > > Currently i am using the LM833 and setting the dc > offset to 2.5V. But i cannot get the maximum swing due > to the fact that i am using a single positive supply, > and the signal clips at 1.3V. > > Are there anyway of getting the maximum swing, but > with only positive supply? Hello Pang, I've very recently encountered the same issue. First off, dump the LM833, it's not rail to rail, and if your supply is 5V and you want it to reach the rails you MUST use a rail to rail op amp. My personal favourite is the LMC660, CMOS based, rail to rail, good bandwidth., no silly offset adjustments (like the hated u741), my "jelly bean" op amp. I've attached a schematic of my input stage (yes I know the op amps say LF411, that's only because I didn't bother adding the LMC660 model, it sims close enough for my purposes). Note mine is actually two stages, the first is just a voltage follower (to decrease the impedance seen by the next stage) and the second is a low pass filter with gain set to 5X, if you need more or less just change R16 (in real life my R16 is a 1K resistor in parallel with a 10k pot, lets me adjust for quite a range on input signals). If you don't need the low pass remove the capacitor C4. There's no real reason you need both stages. Note there's nothing "hi-fi" about this design, I'm designing for a cutoff in the 120Hz range (an anti aliasing filter for a digital subwoofer amp), so obviously hi-fidelity is not my concern, but I don't see a reason it wouldn't work into some high audio freqs (as long as you don't push the gain beyond what your op amp can do). FWIW I've built this circuit and it works as expected, so there's a little hope for you that it actually functions! :) TTYL ----------------------------- Herbert's PIC Stuff: http://repatch.dyndns.org:8383/pic_stuff/ --=-f9xiN+PrMn4kxLutnbLV Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=input_stage.gif Content-Type: image/gif; name=input_stage.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 R0lGODlhsAR5AbMAAACAAAAA/4CAgLPZs43GjafTp06nTtDo0OHw4ZvNm/H48b3evf///wAAAAAA AAAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAACwBHkBAAT/kMlJq7046827/2AojmRpnmiqrmzrvnAsz3Rt33iu73zv /8CgcEgsGo/IpHLJbDqf0Kh0Sq1ar9isdsvter/gsHhMLpvP6LR6zW673/C4fE6v2+/4vH7P7/v/ gIGCg4SFhoeIiYqLjI2Oj5CRkpOUlZaXmJmam5ydnp+goaJZAiGlH6eoIKkerByur6umsrSts6q1 HbAbuxm9vrm6wbHDGr8YxxbJysXGzcC40cLPF8sV1hPY2dTV3MzS07beFNoS5eUM57fi4Lzr4ezw 8u7j2/Xm76P6+/z9/v8AAwocSLCgwYMIEypcyLChw4cQI0qcSLGixYsYM2rcyLGjx48g/0OKHEmy pMmTKFOqXMmypcuXMGPKnEmzps2bOHPq3Mmzp8+fQIMKHUq0qNGjSJM2DBBAqdOnUKP6YEq1qdSr WLNqFVGV6davYMNi7UpV7A506u6ly0evnTO1aNWudfs23ry6dtvmxXuXr96+yNj6/Uu4MDS6geEK 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