>Ok, I'm new at C, why is the second case less preferable?
>It seems counterintuitive.

Which is why you use that form in this case (see below)

>The first case seems to imply that 3 is the variable,
>though I know it can't be.

That is why you put them in that order. Now if you slip on the keyboard and
end up with (3 = foo) then somewhere an error will be thrown up saying that
you cannot assign to a constant, or something similar. If you have them the
other way around then you have an extremely hard to find erroneous
assignment to a variable when you meant to compare the variable to a
constant.

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