>by the way, is it possible to create thrust >only by electricity? If so, how? Not quite. One of my colleagues has an instrument on a satellite called Smart-1 which is currently on its way to the moon. The satellite is propelled by an ion motor, which is about as near as you can get to propelling by electricity. How it works is as follows - an atom that can be easily ionised by electricity is injected between a set of electrodes which are arranged in a manner similar to a CRT tube. The cathode is a ring, and the electric field between the anode and cathode cause the gas to ionise. The nucleus is accelerated up to a suitable speed before disappearing out through the hole in the cathode, and this movement of mass is what propels the spacecraft. The spacecraft can only be propelled while there is gas to feed the motor. This particular spacecraft is being done as a demonstrator for Smart-2 which is yet to be built for a planned mission to Mars. Bear in mind that the propulsion force is quite small, this very small spacecraft is going in ever larger orbits around the earth until eventually it gets close enough to the moon to be captured by its gravity. This is taking a number of months. Now compare that to the 3 days or so that the Apollo astronauts spent going each way between earth and moon. _______________________________________________ http://www.piclist.com View/change your membership options at http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/piclist