> >BUT! What if the radiator isn't isotrpoic, but has "gain" in a particular direction? > > Inverse square still holds, because the area painted will still be proportional to the square of the radius. This assumes (As I noted) that the radiation is effectively just confined to a spherical subset and is effectively a point source at point of origin. If the radiator is a non point source that collimates the wave IMO you get non inverse-square results. Examples might be phased array type systems. B, IMBW :-) (as Carl Sagan was fond of saying). Russell McMahon -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.