> >My problem is in understanding the function those components > >in the diagram have from the PWM output to the op-amp. > Specifically > >what the relationship is between the PWM coming out from the > PIC > >and what is going on with the resistors and caps. >=20 > That network of resistors and capacitors functions as a low-pass > filter: it takes the high-frequency PWM signal and removes the > AC > components (or most of them, anyway, except for a little bit of > ripple) from it, leaving only the DC component which represents > the average value of the PWM waveform. >=20 > Dave D. >=20 I remember LPF's and HPF's from studying about synthesizers. Like, for = instance, passing a noise through it and getting a cymbal or drum sound. But you mention DC components. I don't understand that. What does that = have to do with the DC PWM signal? Where was the AC in the mix? And most importantly, why or what about the PWM signal made it necessary = to low-pass-filter it? What where they trying to get by it? Thanks for helping a learner! Lindy --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.699 / Virus Database: 456 - Release Date: 6/4/2004 =20 -- http://www.piclist.com#nomail Going offline? Don't AutoReply us! email listserv@mitvma.mit.edu with SET PICList DIGEST in the body