On Wed, 16 Jun 2004 09:12:57 -0700, Shawn Wilton wrote: > Don't forget these need a lot of voltage. I have a bunch of the 3 lead > kind and you can run it with one lead, but you get low-moderate noise at > 20 volts. You can greatly augment the acoustic output of piezo devices by edge mounting them (this keeps mechanical damping to a minimum). Most piezo manufacturers sell PCB mounting clips that hold them by the edges and provide electrical contact especially for this purpose. You can also greatly increase the acoustic output by mounting the piezo element in a tuned (resonant) enclosure. This is why many piezo buzzers are sold in plastic cases. The case itself holds the piezo element by it's edge in an enclosure tuned to it's resonant frequency. I wouldn't consider myself a piezo buzzer expert, but I've used almost every type I have seen in dozens of applications over the past 25 years. Most of this information is available from the manufacturers directly. Matt Pobursky Maximum Performance Systems -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The list server can filter out subtopics (like ads or off topics) for you. See http://www.piclist.com/#topics