That's really good progress news Earthing is mentioned in the interface artice. ie a PC is grounded to mains earth and they advise caution about measuring circuits like switch-mode supplies. In your case you say you can see what looks like a sine wave, without using a ground connection to the circuit. Possibilities are that the PS ground for your circuit is the same as the PC and what you see is the actual wave, or that the ground for you PS is not grounded andd you could be looking at induced mains hum. The big clue will be the frequency of the sine wave. If your PIC or whatever isn't putting out 50Hz or 60Hz but that's what you see, then dot dot dot dot dot [ join them ;-) ] -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu