>Somehow I got confused with the open drain. >Is there a graphical representation to facilitate understanding? Imagine a switch that connects the "open drain" terminal to ground. That is it, in its simplest form. It is common for devices to be able to sink more current than they can source. This is why many circuits (lights, for instance) are connected between the supply and an open drain pin. A "source" is defined as something with an unlimited supply. A "sink" is something you can run unlimited current into. In the real world these things do have limits, and those are on the spec sheet. >Pull-Up resistor, or simply pull-up? This can be either, since usually it is a resistor, but there are cases where they are active parts (like the weak pullups in a PIC) in which case it's better just to stick to "pullup". >Pull-down Same thing execept the other end is tied to ground rather than the supply. Barry -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.