sounds like an excellent application for a "super cap", i.e. the very high capacitance capacitors designed for memory backup power etc. the advantage being that you avoid all of the wear out and aging issues of batteries. in fact i plan to convert several of my computers to using supercaps rather than batteries for pram maintenance, particularly considering the high cost of some batteries (some being more than most super caps). Jinx wrote: -------- . The batteries are just 1.3Ah, and need to supply only a > few mAh on rare occasions. Assuming at worst 10 hours/year that's only > 0.1% cycle. The 1k could be reduced, but for this application it probably > would make no difference. To all intents and purposes the battery is > simply sitting around for a few years, ready for action, until it gets > replaced. For applications with more active cycling I'd use a battery > monitor -------------- -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.