hmm. I've noticed that one sure-fire way to figure out something on your own is to walk over and ask someone else, only to have the answer finally dawn on you (maybe just by going through the exercise of framing the question differently to ask someone else)... I think I just did that to myself in my previous question posted here, although I wish I had that epiphany BEFORE I hit "send". Okay, so I think I was mentally confusing the PIC with another chip (an EPROM) I'm also working with which had different timing requirements for program mode. So feel free to just ignore my previous question, unless the following still doesn't sound right... I ought to be able to hold the chip at 0V (all pins), then raise Vpp and Vdd (in the order specified by the chip's datasheet) from 0V to their program voltages, then clock the data in. In general, random I/O pins may be floating, at Vdd, Vpp, or Vss during programming and verification. (Since on multi-chip programmers they need to appear on several different pins.) Fiddling with Vdd at different levels is only for verification, and I'm guessing isn't always strictly necessary for prototypes and hobby work. Sound right? --steve -- Steve Willoughby | "It is our choices... that show what we truly | are, far more than our abilities." | --Albus Dumbledore, in Harry Potter and the | Chamber of Secrets, by J. K. Rowling -- http://www.piclist.com#nomail Going offline? Don't AutoReply us! email listserv@mitvma.mit.edu with SET PICList DIGEST in the body